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Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used to carve dishes and spoons.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used to make bowls and large tubs for tribal feasts.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 279
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Fuel
Wood used for fire when drying salal berry cakes.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 282
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Musical Instrument
Wood used to carve rattles.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 296
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Lummi Dye, Red-Brown
Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Makah Fiber, Furniture
Wood used to make baby cradles.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Makah Other, Containers
Cones used to store elderberries in the creeks.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Makah Other, Cooking Tools
Leaves used to cook halibut heads and salmonberry sprouts.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Makah Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used to make bowls and dishes.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Makah Other, Preservative
Wood used for smoking and drying fish.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Makah Other, Smoke Plant
Leaves formerly smoked.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Drug, Dermatological Aid
Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for bruises.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Drug, Internal Medicine
Infusion of bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for undiagnosed internal injuries.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Drug, Orthopedic Aid
Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for broken bones and ribs.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Drug, Pulmonary Aid
Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for lung ailments.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy
Infusion of crushed bark, western hemlock and grand fir barks taken for tuberculosis.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Drug, Unspecified
Bark used for medicine.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Dye, Brown
Bark used as a brown dye for baskets.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Dye, Red
Formerly used to make red basket dyes.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 79
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Dye, Red
Infusion of crushed bark used to make different shades of red dye.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Fiber, Canoe Material
Wood used to make canoe bailers.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items
Wood used for making masks, ceremonial rattles and model canoes.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Other, Cooking Tools
Leaves and branches placed over and beneath food in steaming pits and kettles.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used to make bowls.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Other, Fuel
Wood used as a fuel for drying and smoking fish and meats.
Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 98
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Other, Preservative
Wood used for smoking and drying fish.
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Nitinaht Other, Water Indicator
'If you see a creek without alder along its banks, the water isn't good to drink.'
Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 243
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Oweekeno Dye, Red
Bark used to make a red dye.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Oweekeno Fiber, Canoe Material
Wood used to make tool handles, canoe bailers, masks and rattles.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Oweekeno Other, Ceremonial Items
Wood used to make masks and rattles.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Oweekeno Other, Fuel
Wood used as fuel for smoking fish.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Oweekeno Other, Musical Instrument
Wood used to make rattles.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Oweekeno Other, Tools
Wood used to make tool handles and canoe bailers.
Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 86
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Dermatological Aid
Decoction of bark used as wash for skin diseases: sores, diaper rash, peeling or itching skin.
Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 19
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Quileute Drug, Antidiarrheal
Raw cones eaten for dysentery.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Quileute Drug, Unspecified
Infusion of bark used for medicine.
Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 61
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Quileute Dye, Red-Brown
Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Quileute Fiber, Canoe Material
Green wood seasoned and used to make canoe paddles.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Quinault Dye, Red-Brown
Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Quinault Other, Containers
Bark used to line pots for storing elderberries.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Saanich Drug, Tonic
Sap used as a tonic.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Salish, Coast Dye, Red-Brown
Bark boiled to make a reddish brown dye and used to color fish nets, baskets, canoes and head rings.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified
Cambium eaten fresh with oil in spring.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Salish, Coast Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used to make dishes and spoons.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Salish, Coast Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make arrow points.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Skagit, Upper Food, Unspecified
Sap used for food.
Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Skagit, Upper Other, Cooking Tools
Wood used to make canned food dishes, spoons and platters.
Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Skagit, Upper Other, Fuel
Wood used as fuel for smoking salmon.
Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Snohomish Dye, Red-Brown
Bark made into a red to brown dye and used to make fish nets invisible to fish.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27
Alnus rubra Bong.
Red Alder
USDA ALRU2
Swinomish Drug, Cold Remedy
Decoction of bark taken for colds.
Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27